Encompassing most of the Iberian Peninsula, Spain is a country of remarkable geographic diversity. It has sixteen national parks protecting a variety of landscapes, from the marshes of Donana National Park in Andalusia, which is home to several rare bird species including the Imperial eagle, to the volcanic geography of Teide National Park in Tenerife, with its spectacular plant life, much of it endemic to the region. Other very special regions include the Pico Mountains, and the mountain and lake scenery of the Pyrenees in north-eastern Spain.
Spain’s wildlife is as diverse as its landscapes, and rarities include Iberian lynx, wolf, and genet. Also found are Spanish ibex and wild boar. Offshore you will find orcas, pilot and sperm whales. Over 600 species of birds can be found in Spain, including the rare Spanish Imperial eagle, little bustards, larks, sandgrouse, wallcreeper and snow finch. The wetlands are home to waders, ducks, herons and flamingos - to name but a few!
Complementing this geographic diversity is great cultural diversity, reflective of a country that is the product of many historical influences, from the Moorish heritage of Andalusia to the vestiges of Celtic culture found in northern Galicia and Asturias. These distinct regional cultures find expression in historic cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Granada and Seville, which abound in historical relics.
SPAIN AT A GLANCE
The best time to visit Spain depends on what you wish to see and the regions you will be covering – the climate varies tremendously between the mountainous regions and the central plains. However, we generally recommend avoiding the very hot months of July and August.
The best opportunities to spot the rare European lynx can be had in Donana and Andujar Parks in Andalusia, particularly between October and February.
Iberian wolves can be spotted in the Pico Mountains, though they are also found in other regions of Spain in smaller numbers.
Butterflies and birds are at their best in Picos de Europa National Park during the spring (April/May) and autumn (September/October), and in the Pyrenees from mid-June to end of July.
Botanists will also find much to enjoy in the Pico Mountains, as the area has been declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
September is peak migration season in Tarifa, when thousands of migratory birds can be seen crossing the Straits of Gibraltar. Expect to see raptors, including eagles, vultures and kites, as well as storks and hirundines.
